CS / IGCSE
Threats include malware, social engineering, unauthorised access and data loss. Authentication establishes an identity; authorisation determines allowed actions. Backups and updates address different risks.
Threats include malware, social engineering, unauthorised access and data loss. Authentication establishes an identity; authorisation determines allowed actions. Backups and updates address different risks.
Automated systems combine sensors, decisions and actuators; robotics and AI raise questions about reliability, bias, privacy and accountability. Evaluate benefits and harms for specific people rather than labelling technology universally good or bad.
An account may read but not edit a record. Which control describes this?
The permissions define what the authenticated account is allowed to do.
Predict the worked result before calculating. Change one input, record the new result, and explain which assumptions still hold.
Use the prediction activity below; a local model appears only where it supports this topic.
Verify through a trusted independent channel
Independent verification avoids relying on contact details supplied by a possible attacker.
Authorisation
The permissions define what the authenticated account is allowed to do.
No
Data, labels, objectives and deployment context can all introduce or amplify bias.